Equipment & Technology

Imaging Modalities

We introduce each device used in radiology, one by one: working principle, key components, image-formation parameters and dose characteristics. Every page comes with real photographs and source citations.

Two broad groups

Ionizing modalities (radiography, fluoroscopy, CT, mammography, nuclear medicine) use X-rays or gamma radiation; the focus of these pages is dose optimization. Non-ionizing modalities (ultrasound, MRI) involve no ionizing radiation; their safety frameworks differ (acoustic power, magnetic field, RF heating).

Published modalities

We begin with ionizing-radiation–based devices.

Ionising

Computed Tomography (CT)

Cross-sectional imaging with a rotating X-ray tube; high diagnostic power, central to dose management.

Explore →

Ionising

Conventional Radiography

A single-shot projection image; the most common, lowest-dose X-ray exam.

Explore →

Ionising

Fluoroscopy

Real-time moving X-ray imaging; the eye of interventional procedures, with deterministic-effect risk.

Explore →

Ionising

Mammography

Low-energy, high-contrast imaging of the breast; strict quality and dose standards.

Explore →

Coming next

These modalities are in preparation.

Ionising

Nuclear Medicine & PET/CT

Gamma camera, SPECT, PET; radiopharmaceuticals and internal dosimetry.

Non-ionising

Magnetic Resonance (MRI)

Strong magnetic field and RF; radiation-free, different safety rules.

Non-ionising

Ultrasound

High-frequency sound waves; radiation-free, real-time.

Ionising

Bone Densitometry (DEXA)

Dual-energy X-ray bone mineral density; very low dose.